Gyudon (Japanese Beef Bowl)
Gyudon (牛丼), which translates to “beef and rice bowl” is one of the most popular lunchtime meals in Japan. There are almost 5000 restaurants specializing this Japanese beef bowl scattered around Japan which is almost double the number of McDonalds here.
My Gyudon recipe is based on the style popularized by Yoshinoya, with tender flavorful beef and sweet onions cooked in a savory sweet sauce, which percolates down into the rice underneath.
Table of contents
Why This Recipe Works
- Using a fatty cut of beef that’s been sliced very thinly is the key to making flavorful Gyudon.
- A sweet and savory dashi broth with a bit of white wine is the secret to making Gyudon that’s similar to the original from Yoshinoya.
- Simmering the onions and beef in dashi keeps the meat moist and tender while creating a sauce that seasons the rice underneath.
Gyudon Ingredients
Beef
To make an authentic Gyudon taste, you need to use a cut of fatty beef. This not only keeps the thin slices of beef moist, but the fat itself also contributes a smooth richness to the sauce. Yoshinoya is famously picky about their beef and only uses short-plate from American beef. They created a stir in 2004 when the BSE scare (and the ensuing ban on US beef in Japan) caused them to replace their iconic beef bowl with a pork bowl. For context, this would be akin to McDonald’s halting sales of hamburgers in the US and replacing them with chicken burgers.
As stocks of cheap US beef disappeared, Yoshinoya’s competitors Matsuya and Sukiya responded by sourcing beef from other countries, but Yoshinoya stubbornly refused to compromise on quality and price, sticking with pork until the ban was lifted over two years later. While some consumers simply switched brands, some loyal Yoshinoya fan’s went to the lengths of visiting the chain’s foreign locations to enjoy their beloved Gyudon.
Short-plate can be a bit hard to find, which is why I like to use boneless short ribs for my Gyudon. It tends to have good marbling and is a little more tender than short plate. If you live in an area where Philly Cheesesteaks are popular, this is the another good option as the meat is sliced very thinly. Regardless of what cut of beef you use, it’s crucial to slice the meat thinly against the grain. This is what makes it possible to cook the meat for such a short amount of time and yet still have it come out tender. If you’re friendly with your local butcher, you can try asking them to cut it for you on a meat slicer, or you can lightly freeze the beef and then use a very sharp knife to slice it into sheets that are about 1/16 of an inch thick (~1.4mm).
Onions
I’ve tried a bunch of different types of onions here including Welsh onions, and leeks, but I always end up going back to plain old yellow onions. That’s because they tend to hold their shape the best. Juicer varieties such as sweet onions, tend to turn to mush when you cook them for too long, and red onions discolor, taking on an unappetizing grey appearance.
Gyudon sauce
Because Gyudon originated as a hotpot, it’s prepared in a similar manner; with the beef and onions cooked in a savory sweet broth. I like making mine with a combination of dashi stock, white wine, sake, soy sauce, and sugar. The white wine contributes just a hint of acidity while adding a fruitiness that brings out the sweetness of the onions. The sake adds plenty of umami, and the soy sauce seasons the broth.
If you’re a die-hard Yoshinoya fan and want to get the same taste, you’re going to need to use Hondashi granules (which contains MSG) to make the dashi. Personally, I find this a little heavy-handed, resulting in an artificial taste. That’s why I prefer to use a batch of dashi prepared using my homemade dashi recipe.
Gyudon condiments
While purists, tend to prefer their Gyudon unadorned, I like adding toppings such as benishōga (red pickled ginger), scallions and sesame seeds, which contribute layers of texture and taste. Here’s a list of some of my favorite condiments for Gyudon:
- scallions – Brown on white isn’t a very flattering look, and a sprinkle of scallions helps add a splash of color while fortifying the flavor of the onions in the Gyudon.
- benishōga – benishōga or “red ginger” is young ginger pickled in the tangy juices produced while making umeboshi (pickled plums). Although these days the color is often added through different means, it was originally colored by the red shiso leaves added to umeboshi. The tangy, salty pickles add a nice color and taste contrast to the beef, and the ginger helps smooth out the rough edges of the beef.
- sesame seeds – toasted sesame seeds not only add a wonderful texture to the Gyudon, but they also give the donburi a wonderful nutty flavor that pairs beautifully with the beef.
- onsen tamago – onsen tamago, or “hot spring egg”, is essentially a sous vide egg. It’s cooked in its shell at 145.5 degrees F for about 45 minutes, which renders the egg white soft and custardy while thickening up the yolk and giving it a rich buttery texture. Gyudon is a bit of an outlier amongst donburi’s in that it doesn’t include any egg, and adding an onsen tamago on top fixes this minor oversight. You can also use a poached egg.
- aonori – aonori literally means “green nori” and they come in flakes that can be sprinkled on top of things. They’re most famous for going on dishes like oykonomiyaki and takoyaki, but they add a touch of color and loads of flavor.
How to Make Gyudon
The first thing you want to do is make the sauce for the Gyudon by adding the dashi, white wine, sake, soy sauce, and sugar to a frying pan. Then you want to add the sliced onion and cook it for a few minutes until the pieces start to become translucent.
Then, the sliced beef goes into the broth. Turn down the heat gently simmer the meat for about ten minutes, or until the beef is tender.
Serve the beef and onions over hot rice with some sauce drizzled over everything. Garnish the Gyudon with your favorite condiments such as chopped green onions, toasted sesame seeds, or pickled red ginger.
FAQ
Gyudon literally means “beef rice bowl,” and it’s a type of donburi made with thinly shaved beef and onions simmered in savory-sweet dashi broth. Because the beef is sliced paper-thin, it releases its flavor into the broth and becomes tender quickly. The combination of beef and broth gets poured over a bowl of hot rice and topped with various condiments.
Gyudon is a 2-syllable name pronounced as follows (read the italicized parts).
gyu like hug you
don like donut
These days Japan is famous for Wagyu beef, but using cattle for food is a relatively new concept that only dates back to the latter half of the 19th century. One of the first areas to welcome foreigners was Tokyo, which is why it’s no big surprise that Gyudon got its start there.
As with most new ingredients that work their way into a culinary culture, beef was initially in a way that was familiar to Japanese people: as a hotpot (鍋 – nabé). The new dish became known as Gyunabé (牛鍋), and it was the precursor to modern-day Sukiyaki, Shabu Shabu, and Gyudon. In the latter part of the 19th century, enterprising vendors started selling gyunabe on top of a bowl of rice as a kind of fast food, and it was called Gyumeshi (牛めし – “beef rice”).
One of those vendors was a guy named Eikichi Matsuda, who was from a town called Yoshino near Osaka. He opened a small stall at Nihonbashi Fish Market in 1899 selling a hearty meal called Gyunabé Bukkake (牛鍋ぶっかけ – “covered in gyunabe”) to the workers at the market. After the Nihonbashi market was destroyed during the Great Kanto Earthquake, Matsuda moved Yoshinoya to the new market located in Tsukiji in 1926. Gyudon remained a specialty of the Tokyo area until the mid 20th century, when Yoshinoya started expanding outside of Tokyo.
Other Rice Bowls
- Tanindon (beef and egg bowl)
- Chicken Katsudon (chicken katsu bowl)
- Oyakodon (chicken and egg bowl)
- Taco Rice (Okinawan taco meat bowl)
Ingredients
For beef bowl
- 1 cup
-
2
tablespoons
sweet white wine (such as Riesling or Gewürztraminer)
-
2
tablespoons
sake
-
2 1/2
tablespoons
soy sauce
-
2
teaspoons
evaporated cane sugar
-
250
grams
beef (very thinly sliced)
-
100
grams
onion (~1/2 large onion, thickly sliced)
- 400 grams
For garnish
-
sesame seeds (optional)
-
1
scallion (chopped, optional)
-
benishōga (pickled red ginger, optional)
Steps
-
Add the dashi, white wine, sake, soy sauce, sugar, and sliced onions to a pan and bring to a boil over medium-high heat.
-
Turn down the heat to maintain a simmer and cook the onions until they’re mostly translucent (about 3 minutes)
-
Add the beef, and turn down the heat to maintain a gentle simmer. Cook, stirring regularly until the meat is tender (about 10 minutes). Adjust salt.
-
Serve the beef over bowls of hot rice, with some of the cooking liquid poured over the beef and rice. Garnish the Gyudon with sesame seeds, scallions, and benishōga.
Gogogramma says
Hi Marc, can I use thinly sliced beef sold for sukiyaki?
Jon says
Hey Marc! Made this for the family tonight and it was great. The meat was a little tough but I think that was because the butcher didn’t quite get it thin enough and, even though it was boneless short rib, perhaps it could have been a little more marbled. Who knows, though, might have been the cooking time (which I didn’t time particularly precisely). The onions were the star of the dish for me; they absorbed every flavor in the pot.
However, I got a bit too much meat at the butcher. Any suggestions for a second dish to make with my remaining pound of ~1/8th inch-thick boneless short rib?
Marc Matsumoto says
Hi Jon, I’m glad to hear you enjoyed it. The toughness was most likely the thickness of the meat, you can try to cook it for a little longer to compensate (though you may need to add more liquid). As for what you can do with the rest of the meat, how about Nikujaga? https://norecipes.com/quick-nikujaga-recipe/
Mary ann says
Can I use mirin instead of white wine?
Marc Matsumoto says
Hi Mary Ann, it will make it sweeter, but sure!
MARY says
Can I use shiro dashi with this recipe? I didn’t realize there was different types of dashi, want to make sure if I can use what I have and still get the same flavor result.
Marc Matsumoto says
Hi Mary, dashi just means “soup stock” in Japanese so just like there are different kinds of soup stock in western cuisine there are many different kinds of dashi. Shirodashi is usually a bottled concentrate which includes seasonings like salt, mirin, soy sauce, etc already mixed in. The idea is that you can use it as a convenient seasoning without adding other ingredients. You can certainly use it for this recipe, but you’ll most likely need to dilute it with water and you’ll also need to reduce the amount of salt and seasonings accordingly.
patricia gallego says
Very good
Marc Matsumoto says
Thanks Patricia! I’m glad you enjoyed it!
Anna says
Where to buy sake and how to make dashi stock? I really love gyudon so I want to try your recipe Thank you
Marc Matsumoto says
Hi Anna, I have a recipe for dashi here: https://norecipes.com/how-to-make-dashi/ and where you can buy sake will depend on where you live. If you live in the US, you can order it online from Tippsy.